Mohamed Siala
Orcid: 0000-0002-5801-1656Affiliations:
- University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
According to our database1,
Mohamed Siala
authored at least 195 papers
between 1996 and 2024.
Collaborative distances:
Collaborative distances:
Timeline
Legend:
Book In proceedings Article PhD thesis Dataset OtherLinks
Online presence:
-
on orcid.org
On csauthors.net:
Bibliography
2024
Blind and Semi-blind Channel Estimation and Collision Resolution for the Uplink of MU-MIMO and Massive MIMO Systems for B5G Networks.
Wirel. Pers. Commun., January, 2024
Kalman Filtering for Precise Indoor Position and Orientation Estimation Using IMU and Acoustics on Riemannian Manifolds.
CoRR, 2024
2023
Energy and MCS Optimization in HARQ Protocol for Ultrareliable Regime With Maximized Throughput.
IEEE Syst. J., March, 2023
2022
Semi-blind channel estimation based on modified CMA and unitary scrambling for massive MIMO systems.
Telecommun. Syst., 2022
A Fair SINR Performance Comparison of FBMC/OQAM and FBMC/QAM Multicarrier Communication Systems in the Discrete-Time Framework.
IEEE Access, 2022
2021
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2021
2020
Bridging the Gap Between CP-OFDM and ZP-OFDM for the Provision of Ultra-Low Latency Services in 5G.
IEEE Syst. J., 2020
Optimizing communication and computational costs based on the edge participation probability and the evolved variational message passing algorithm in wireless sensor networks.
Ad Hoc Networks, 2020
HARQ performance over massive MIMO channels using chase combining and CZA pilot decontamination.
Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2020
2019
Efficient Embedded Soft Nodes Identification Using Block Coding in Relay Systems with High Order Modulations.
Wirel. Pers. Commun., 2019
IEEE Syst. J., 2019
Int. J. Commun. Syst., 2019
Efficient pilot design based on the divide and conquer approach for pilot contamination mitigation in massive MIMO.
Proceedings of the 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference, 2019
Proceedings of the Distributed Computing for Emerging Smart Networks, 2019
2018
How Much FBMC/OQAM Is Better than FBMC/QAM? A Tentative Response Using the POPS Paradigm.
Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 2018
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing With Heterogeneous Devices: Hard Combining Versus Soft Combining.
IEEE Syst. J., 2018
Joint Quantization and Confidence-Based Generalized Combining Scheme for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing.
IEEE Syst. J., 2018
Phys. Commun., 2018
Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., 2018
Proceedings of the 87th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2018
Optimizing Communication Costs based on the Evolved Variational Message Passing Algorithm using an Enhanced Version of Junction Tree in Wireless Networks.
Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software, 2018
Optimizing communication costs based on novel cooperative localization techniques using coalitional game theory in wireless networks.
Proceedings of the 14th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference, 2018
Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2018
Throughput Maximization with Optimum Energy Allocation for ARQ Retransmission Protocol.
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2018
Derivation of The Analytical Expression of The SIR in OFDM/OQAM Systems Using The Multiplicative Approach.
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2018
Efficiency of the TR Technique and the POPS Algorithm for Waveform Optimization in MISO-OFDM Systems.
Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2018
Proceedings of the 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2018
Proceedings of the 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2018
Analytical Description of the CZA Method in the Case of Several Contaminating Users in Massive MIMO.
Proceedings of the 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2018
2017
Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 2017
IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett., 2017
Reduced-complexity simply/doubly differential primary synchronization for LTE systems.
Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., 2017
Proceedings of the 86th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2017
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software, 2017
Proceedings of the 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2017
Efficient embedded signaling scheme for nodes identification using block coding with blind phase estimation in relay systems.
Proceedings of the 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2017
Proceedings of the 25th European Signal Processing Conference, 2017
2016
Efficient Offline Waveform Design Using Quincunx/Hexagonal Time-Frequency Lattices For 5G Systems.
CoRR, 2016
MIMO slotted ALOHA systems with collision resolution and truncated HARQ transmission and combining.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2016
Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2016
Performance Analysis of Low-Complexity Simply-Differential Time Synchronization Approach for MTC over LTE Systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2016
A variational message passing algorithm for cooperative localization in wireless networks.
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software, 2016
Embedded primary users identification and channel estimation for underlay cognitive radio network based on compressive sensing.
Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2016
Efficient hierarchical embedded signaling scheme for nodes identification in cooperative wireless networks with relay selection.
Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2016
QoS-guaranteed cross-layer design for joint adaptive modulation and coding, power control, and ARQ protocol.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2016
Proceedings of the 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2016
Proceedings of the 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2016
Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, 2016
Efficient link adaptation using joint power control, adaptive modulation and coding with enhanced ARQ protocol.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, 2016
Efficient nodes identification based on embedded signaling using the fast walsh hadamard transform in multi-sources multi-relays systems.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, 2016
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signal, Image, Video and Communications, 2016
On the impact of pdf-matched quantization for heterogeneous cognitive radio networks.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signal, Image, Video and Communications, 2016
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signal, Image, Video and Communications, 2016
Quasi-sparsest solutions for quantized compressed sensing by graduated-non-convexity based reweighted ℓ1 minimization.
Proceedings of the 24th European Signal Processing Conference, 2016
Proceedings of the 24th European Signal Processing Conference, 2016
Phase-precoding scheme for cooperative wireless systems over frequency-selective channels.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing, 2016
Iterative receiver for cooperative wireless systems using Analog Network Coding scheme.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing, 2016
Downlink Beamforming and Power Allocation in Cognitive Radio Network with Outdated and Limited Feedback of Channel Estimates.
Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2016
Proceedings of the 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2016
2015
Channel estimation errors impact on the sum rate maximisation in a JP-CoMP transmission systems.
Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., 2015
EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., 2015
Discrete-Time Ping-pong Optimized Pulse Shaping-OFDM (POPS-OFDM) Operating on Time and Frequency Dispersive Channels for 5G Systems.
CoRR, 2015
Single-Pixel-Camera Paradigm for Multiband Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference, 2015
Proceedings of the IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference, 2015
Characterization of Ping-Pong Optimized Pulse Shaping-OFDM (POPS-OFDM) for 5G Systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference, 2015
Network connectivity and capacity improvement in cooperative vehicular networks using distributed network coding.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Network of the Future, 2015
Beamforming design and sum rate maximization for the downlink of underlay cognitive radio networks.
Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2015
Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2015
Centralized-decentralized RB allocation based on genetic algorithm and coordination over X2 interface in LTE uplink.
Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 2015
Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2015
Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference, 2015
Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference, 2015
Throughput and energy optimization of a cooperative ARQ scheme using analog network coding.
Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference, 2015
Efficient embedded signaling through DCT precoding matrix for SLM method in OFDM system.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2015
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2015
Analysis of feedback multi-thresholding in cognitive radio networks based on opportunistic beamforming.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2015
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2015
Study of relay energy optimization in a Cooperative ARQ scheme based on Analog Network Coding.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2015
2014
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2014
Performance evaluation of an efficient reduced-complexity time synchronization approach for OFDM systems.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2014
Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2014
An efficient blind dummy zeros insertion and SLM scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2014
New SLM-Hadamard PAPR reduction scheme for blind detection of precoding sequence in OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2014
Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2014
Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2014
Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2014
Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2014
Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2014
Optimal energy allocation scheme for throughput enhancement in cooperative cognitive network.
Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, 2014
A simply-differential low-complexity primary synchronization scheme for 3GPP LTE systems.
Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, 2014
Enhanced joint data detection and turbo map channel estimation using randomly rotated constellations.
Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, 2014
A multi-threshold feedback scheme for cognitive radio networks based on opportunistic beamforming.
Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, 2014
Numerical characterization for optimal designed waveform to multicarrier systems in 5G.
Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, 2014
Proceedings of the Image Sensors and Imaging Systems 2014, 2014
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2014
Joint adaptive modulation and cooperation for throughput enhancement in cognitive network.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2014
Performance study of an efficient reduced-complexity time synchronization approach for DMT systems.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2014
Joint beamforming and scheduling scheme for underlay MIMO cognitive radio networks with imperfect channel knowledge.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2014
Joint interference minimizing and scheduling in underlay cognitive radio networks based on non-orthogonal opportunistic beamforming.
Proceedings of the 2014 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP), 2014
2013
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013
Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization of Encoding Sequence for a Reduced Complexity OFDM Time Synchronization Technique.
Proceedings of the 78th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2013
A Two-Phase Scheduling Scheme for Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Opportunistic Beamforming.
Proceedings of the 77th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2013
Throughput maximization through adaptive decode-remodulate-and-forward relaying scheme.
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 2013
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 2013
Efficient combination of hybrid ARQ with Adaptive Modulation and Coding and Power Control operating in tracking mode.
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
RB allocation based on genetic algorithm and coordination over the X2 interface in the LTE uplink.
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
Efficient limited data multi-antenna compressed spectrum sensing exploiting angular sparsity.
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
An efficient space-frequency coding scheme over unknown frequency-selective fading channels.
Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, 2013
Robust brute force and reduced complexity approaches for timing synchronization in IEEE 802.11a/g WLANs.
Proceedings of the 2013 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2013
Proceedings of the 2013 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2013
A space-frequency coding scheme providing high level of diversity and spectrum efficiency for non-coherent frequency-selective MIMO-OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the ISWCS 2013, 2013
Efficient embedded signaling through rotated modulation constellations for SLM-based OFDM systems.
Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2013
Efficient combination of HARQ-I with AMC and power control operating in tracking mode.
Proceedings of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference, 2013
Optimal OFDM pulse design, analysis and implementation over doubly dispersive channel.
Proceedings of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference, 2013
2012
An efficient reduced-complexity two-stage differential sliding correlation approach for OFDM synchronization in the multipath channel.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2012
An efficient optimization approach for packet-wise DF and incremental DF relaying for uplink CDMA communications.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2012
Analytical Performance Evaluation of an Efficient Reduced-Complexity Time Synchronization Approach for OFDM Systems.
Proceedings of the 76th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2012
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 2012
Optimum joint Adaptive Modulation and Coding and Power Control for packet transmission over fading channels using the ARQ protocol.
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Science, 2012
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Science, 2012
Performance of Zero-forcing and Block-Diagonalization methods for cooperative MIMO Downlink base stations in the presence of channel estimation errors.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2012
Encoding sequence design for a reduced complexity time synchronization approach for OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2012
Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications and Information Technology, 2012
An iterative method for the maximization of the sum-rate of multicell cooperative systems.
Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference, 2012
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2012
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2012
Performance study of a reduced complexity time synchronization approach for OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2012
Performance optimization of amplify-and-forward relaying schemes for uplink OFDMA communications.
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Communications and Networking, 2012
2011
MAP channel estimation with turbo processing for orthogonal space-time block coded MISO systems.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2011
An Efficient Reduced-Complexity Two-Stage Differential Sliding Correlation Approach for OFDM Synchronization in the AWGN Channel.
Proceedings of the 74th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2011
Proceedings of the 73rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2011
Proceedings of the IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, 2011
A novel optimization approach for packet-wise Selective Relaying in CDMA uplink communications.
Proceedings of the IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, 2011
2010
Information Theory MAP sequence equalization for imperfect frequency selective channel knowledge.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2010
Selective mapping for reduced complexity turbo channel estimation operating on highly time and frequency selective channels.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2010
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2010
An efficient procedure for packet collision resolution in wireless slotted ALOHA MIMO systems.
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2010
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2010
2009
Enhanced Soft-Handover for DS-CDMA Systems using Complementary Error Correction Codes.
Proceedings of the 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009
Performance of MUSIC and COMET Algorithms in the Presence of Scatterers in a 3-D Hemispheroid Surrounding the Source.
Proceedings of the 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009
Proceedings of the IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, 2009
Symbol MAP detection aided with first channel estimate for TDMA systems over a frequency selective channel.
Proceedings of the 2009 6th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2009
Throughput enhancement in wireless slotted ALOHA with space-time coding and collision processing.
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Telecommunications, 2009
Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2009
Amplify and forward relaying optimization for uplink CDMA communications subject to constant multiple access interference cost.
Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2009
Multi-pulse/single-pulse design for maximizing SIR in partially equalized OFDM systems over highly dispersive channels.
Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2009
2008
Transmission Systems Throughput performance of Hybrid ARQ schemes with packet and code combining for DS-CDMA downlink systems using orthogonal spreading sequences.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2008
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2008
Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, 2008
Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, 2008
Turbo channel estimation for TDMA systems on highly time and frequency selective channels.
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, 2008
Proceedings of the Fourth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, 2008
2007
IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2007
Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2007
Optimized pulse shaping for OFDM multi-user communications over doubly dispersive channels.
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2007
Prototype waveform optimization for an OFDM/OQAM system with hexagonal time-frequency lattice structure.
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2007
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2007
Generalized Map: Sequence Detection for Non-Ideal Frequency Selective Channel Knowledge.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2007
Optimum Pulse Shaping for OFDM/BFDM Systems Operating in Time Varying Multi-Path Channels.
Proceedings of the Global Communications Conference, 2007
2006
Signal Processing Robustness of the decorrelating discrete time Rake receiver (DDRR) in the presence of dynamic propagation conditions.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2006
Wireless Systems Maximum <i>a posteriori</i> decorrelating receiver for MC-CDMA systems.
Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 2006
Proceedings of the 64th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2006
2005
BER performance comparison of the continuous time, discrete time and decorrelating discrete time Rake receivers.
Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, 2005
Effects of noisy feedback on the performance of HARQ schemes over multipath block fading channels for DS-SSS.
Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, 2005
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Maximum a posteriori detection of the primary synchronization channel of the UMTS/FDD mode.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Maximum a posteriori discrete-time rake receiver using realistic estimated channel state information and operating on diffuse multipath channels.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Performance comparison of OFDM and OFDM/OQAM systems operating in highly time and frequency dispersive radio-mobile channels.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Improved estimation of time varying and frequency selective channels for OFDM systems.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
On the performance of the decorrelating and the conventional discrete time rake receivers with improved channel estimation.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Optimization of the OFDM prototype waveform for highly time and frequency dispersive channels through a maximization of the SIR.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Throughput performance of ARQ and HARQ I schemes over a two-states Markov channel model.
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, 2005
Proceedings of the 13th European Signal Processing Conference, 2005
Proceedings of the 13th European Signal Processing Conference, 2005
2004
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2004
2003
Maximum <i>a posteriori</i> fast fading channel estimation for alamouti's space-time transmit diversity.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2003
2002
Low-Complexity Iterative Receiver for Space-Time Coded Signals over Frequency Selective Channels.
EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process., 2002
Maximum <i>a posteriori</i> semi-blind channel estimation for ofdm systems operating on highly frequency and time selective channels.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2002
Proceedings of the 55th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, 2002
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, 2002
Reduced complexity iterative receiver for coded asynchronous DS-CDMA systems over frequency selective channels.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2002
2001
Maximum a posteriori fast fading channel estimation based exclusively on pilot symbols.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2001
Récepteurs en râteau pour les systèmes à étalement de spectre par séquences directes.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 2001
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2001
Optimisation of the interference cost generated by the random access channel of the UMTS FDD system.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2001
2000
Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, 2000
Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, 2000
Turbo channel estimation for OFDM systems on highly time and frequency selective channels.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2000
1999
Iterative rake receiver with map channel estimation for ds-cdma systems - Récepteur en râteauiteratif avec estimation de canal au maximum <i>a posteriori</i> pour systèmes amrc.
Ann. des Télécommunications, 1999
1996
Block and trellis codes for the binary (1-D) partial response channel with simple maximum likelihood decoders.
IEEE Trans. Commun., 1996