Kenneth R. Koedinger

Orcid: 0000-0002-5850-4768

Affiliations:
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA


According to our database1, Kenneth R. Koedinger authored at least 328 papers between 1990 and 2024.

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Bibliography

2024
TRESTLE: A Model of Concept Formation in Structured Domains.
CoRR, 2024

What You Say = What You Want? Teaching Humans to Articulate Requirements for LLMs.
CoRR, 2024

STAND: Data-Efficient and Self-Aware Precondition Induction for Interactive Task Learning.
CoRR, 2024

How Can I Get It Right? Using GPT to Rephrase Incorrect Trainee Responses.
CoRR, 2024

How Can I Improve? Using GPT to Highlight the Desired and Undesired Parts of Open-ended Responses.
CoRR, 2024

Improving Assessment of Tutoring Practices using Retrieval-Augmented Generation.
CoRR, 2024

Using Large Language Models to Assess Tutors' Performance in Reacting to Students Making Math Errors.
CoRR, 2024

Navigating Ethical Benefits and Risks as AIED Comes of Age.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2024

Ninth SPLICE Workshop on Technology and Data Infrastructure for CS Education Research.
Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2024

Beyond Repetition: The Role of Varied Questioning and Feedback in Knowledge Generalization.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

Learning and AI Evaluation of Tutors Responding to Students Engaging in Negative Self-Talk.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

Edgeworth: Efficient and Scalable Authoring of Visual Thinking Activities.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

HAROR: A System for Highlighting and Rephrasing Open-Ended Responses.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

MuFIN: A Framework for Automating Multimodal Feedback Generation using Generative Artificial Intelligence.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

GPTutor: Great Personalized Tutor with Large Language Models for Personalized Learning Content Generation.
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2024

Improving Student Learning with Hybrid Human-AI Tutoring: A Three-Study Quasi-Experimental Investigation.
Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, 2024

Content Matters: A Computational Investigation into the Effectiveness of Retrieval Practice and Worked Examples (Extended Abstract).
Proceedings of the Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2024

Beyond Accuracy: Embracing Meaningful Parameters in Educational Data Mining.
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2024

How Can I Improve? Using GPT to Highlight the Desired and Undesired Parts of Open-ended Responses.
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2024

Combining Dialog Acts and Skill Modeling: What Chat Interactions Enhance Learning Rates During AI-Supported Peer Tutoring?
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2024

8th Educational Data Mining in Computer Science Education (CSEDM) Workshop.
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2024

ActiveAI: The Effectiveness of an Interactive Tutoring System in Developing K-12 AI Literacy.
Proceedings of the Technology Enhanced Learning for Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education, 2024

The Neglected 15%: Positive Effects of Hybrid Human-AI Tutoring Among Students with Disabilities.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 25th International Conference, 2024

Good Fit Bad Policy: Why Fit Statistics Are a Biased Measure of Knowledge Tracer Quality.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, 2024

How to Teach Programming in the AI Era? Using LLMs as a Teachable Agent for Debugging.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 25th International Conference, 2024

2023
Using latent variable models to make gaming-the-system detection robust to context variations.
User Model. User Adapt. Interact., November, 2023

Supporting skill integration in an intelligent tutoring system for code tracing.
J. Comput. Assist. Learn., April, 2023

HypoCompass: Large-Language-Model-based Tutor for Hypothesis Construction in Debugging for Novices.
CoRR, 2023

Comparative Analysis of GPT-4 and Human Graders in Evaluating Praise Given to Students in Synthetic Dialogues.
CoRR, 2023

When the Tutor Becomes the Student: Design and Evaluation of Efficient Scenario-based Lessons for Tutors.
Proceedings of the LAK 2023: 13th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, 2023

What Makes Problem-Solving Practice Effective? Comparing Paper and AI Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Responsive and Sustainable Educational Futures, 2023

Simulating Learning from Language and Examples.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, 2023

Computational Models of Learning: Deepening Care and Carefulness in AI in Education.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, 2023

Comparative Analysis of Learnersourced Human-Graded and AI-Generated Responses for Autograding Online Tutor Lessons.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, 2023

Content Matters: A Computational Investigation into the Effectiveness of Retrieval Practice and Worked Examples.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 24th International Conference, 2023

Is AI the better programming partner? Human-Human Pair Programming vs. Human-AI pAIr Programming.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Empowering Education with LLMs, 2023

Using Large Language Models to Provide Explanatory Feedback to Human Tutors.
Proceedings of the Workshop "Towards the Future of AI-augmented Human Tutoring in Math Learning" co-located with The 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023), 2023

Comparative Analysis of GPT-4 and Human Graders in Evaluating Human Tutors Giving Praise to Students.
Proceedings of the Workshop "Towards the Future of AI-augmented Human Tutoring in Math Learning" co-located with The 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023), 2023

Towards the Future of AI-Augmented Human Tutoring in Math Learning.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, 2023

2022
Designing Conversational Evaluation Tools: A Comparison of Text and Voice Modalities to Improve Response Quality in Course Evaluations.
Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2022

Domain-General Tutor Authoring with Apprentice Learner Models.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2022

Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2022

Development of Scenario-based Mentor Lessons: An Iterative Design Process for Training at Scale.
Proceedings of the L@S'22: Ninth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, New York City, NY, USA, June 1, 2022

Item Response Theory-Based Gaming Detection.
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2022

Learning depends on knowledge: The benefits of retrieval practice vary for facts and skills.
Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2022

Adaptive Empathy Learning Support in Peer Review Scenarios.
Proceedings of the CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, LA, USA, 29 April 2022, 2022

Debiasing Politically Motivated Reasoning with Value-Adaptive Instruction.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 23rd International Conference, 2022

Educational Equity Through Combined Human-AI Personalization: A Propensity Matching Evaluation.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 23rd International Conference, 2022

2021
Practice-Based Teacher Questioning Strategy Training with ELK: A Role-Playing Simulation for Eliciting Learner Knowledge.
Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2021

Decomposed Inductive Procedure Learning.
CoRR, 2021

A General Multi-method Approach to Data-Driven Redesign of Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the LAK'21: 11th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, 2021

Toward Improving Student Model Estimates through Assistance Scores in Principle and in Practice.
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2021

Teacher Perspectives on Peer-Peer Collaboration and Education Technologies in Rural Tanzanian Classrooms.
Proceedings of the COMPASS '21: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies, Virtual Event, Australia, 28 June 2021, 2021

Fostering Equitable Help-Seeking for K-3 Students in Low Income and Rural Contexts.
Proceedings of the CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2021

Seeing Beyond Expert Blind Spots: Online Learning Design for Scale and Quality.
Proceedings of the CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2021

Toward Stable Asymptotic Learning with Simulated Learners.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 22nd International Conference, 2021

Computer-Supported Human Mentoring for Personalized and Equitable Math Learning.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 22nd International Conference, 2021

2020
Active Learning is About More Than Hands-On: A Mixed-Reality AI System to Support STEM Education.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2020

Building an Infrastructure for Computer Science Education Research and Practice at Scale.
Proceedings of the L@S'20: Seventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2020

Practice-Based Teacher Education With ELK: A Role-Playing Simulation for Eliciting Learner Knowledge.
Proceedings of the Interdisciplinarity in the Learning Sciences: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2020

The Ebb and Flow of Student Engagement: Measuring motivation through temporal pattern of self-regulation.
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2020

Persuasion Invasion: Reducing Bias with Value-Adaptive Instruction.
Proceedings of the CHI PLAY '20: The Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, Virtual Event, Canada, November 2-4, 2020, 2020

An Interaction Design for Machine Teaching to Develop AI Tutors.
Proceedings of the CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020

Towards Value-Adaptive Instruction: A Data-Driven Method for Addressing Bias in Argument Evaluation Tasks.
Proceedings of the CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020

Investigating Differential Error Types Between Human and Simulated Learners.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 21st International Conference, 2020

Comprehensive Views of Math Learners: A Case for Modeling and Supporting Non-math Factors in Adaptive Math Software.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 21st International Conference, 2020

A General Multi-method Approach to Design-Loop Adaptivity in Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 21st International Conference, 2020

2019
Explanatory learner models: Why machine learning (alone) is not the answer.
Br. J. Educ. Technol., 2019

UpGrade: Sourcing Student Open-Ended Solutions to Create Scalable Learning Opportunities.
Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2019

Comprehension Factor Analysis: Modeling student's reading behaviour: Accounting for reading practice in predicting students' learning in MOOCs.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, 2019

Toward Near Zero-Parameter Prediction Using a Computational Model of Student Learning.
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2019

Exploring the Link Between Motivations and Gaming.
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2019

Learning from african classroom pedagogy to increase student engagement in education technologies.
Proceedings of the Conference on Computing & Sustainable Societies, 2019

The Effectiveness of Publicly vs. Privately Assigned Group Leaders Among Learners in Rural Villages in Tanzania.
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2019

What are you talking about?: A Cognitive Task Analysis of how specificity in communication facilitates shared perspective in a confusing collaboration task.
Proceedings of the 41th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2019

Predicting Bias in the Evaluation of Unlabeled Political Arguments.
Proceedings of the 41th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2019

Online Assessment of Belief Biases and Their Impact on the Acceptance of Fallacious Reasoning.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 20th International Conference, 2019

2018
How Do English Language Learners Interact with Different Content Types in MOOC Videos?
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2018

CS Education Infrastructure for All: Interoperability for Tools and Data Analytics (Abstract Only).
Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2018

Is the Doer Effect Robust Across Multiple Data Sets?
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2018

Analyzing the relative learning benefits of completing required activities and optional readings in online courses.
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2018

Designing Appropriate Learning Technologies for School vs Home Settings in Tanzanian Rural Villages.
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies, 2018

Not all Active Learning is Equal: Predicting and Explaining Improves Transfer Relative to Answering Practice Questions.
Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2018

An Instructional Factors Analysis of an Online Logical Fallacy Tutoring System.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 19th International Conference, 2018

Learning Cognitive Models Using Neural Networks.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 19th International Conference, 2018

Towards Natural Cognitive System Training Interactions: A Preliminary Framework.
Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI Spring Symposia, 2018

2017
Designing Grounded Feedback: Criteria for Using Linked Representations to Support Learning of Abstract Symbols.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2017

Data-Driven Hint Generation in Vast Solution Spaces: a Self-Improving Python Programming Tutor.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2017

Characterizing ELL Students' Behavior During MOOC Videos Using Content Type.
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2017

Detecting Diligence with Online Behaviors on Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2017

Community based educational data repositories and analysis tools.
Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference, 2017

Sharing and Reusing Data and Analytic Methods with LearnSphere.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2017

Towards reliable and valid measurement of individualized student parameters.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2017

Closing the loop: Automated data-driven cognitive model discoveries lead to improved instruction and learning.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2017

Teaching Informal Logical Fallacy Identification with a Cognitive Tutor.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2017

Is there an explicit learning bias? Students beliefs, behaviors and learning outcomes.
Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2017

Is Difficulty Overrated?: The Effects of Choice, Novelty and Suspense on Intrinsic Motivation in Educational Games.
Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2017

Teaching Informal Logical Fallacy Identification with a Cognitive Tutor.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 18th International Conference, 2017

2016
Testing Theories of Transfer Using Error Rate Learning Curves.
Top. Cogn. Sci., 2016

Adding Physical Objects to an Interactive Game Improves Learning and Enjoyment: Evidence from EarthShake.
ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact., 2016

An Interview Reflection on "Intelligent Tutoring Goes to School in the Big City".
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2016

Help Helps, But Only So Much: Research on Help Seeking with Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2016

Example-Tracing Tutors: Intelligent Tutor Development for Non-programmers.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2016

Browser Language Preferences as a Metric for Identifying ESL Speakers in MOOCs.
Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2016

Practical Learning Research at Scale.
Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2016

Modeling common misconceptions in learning process data.
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, 2016

Is the doer effect a causal relationship?: how can we tell and why it's important.
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, 2016

Tell Me How to Teach, I'll Learn How to Solve Problems.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 13th International Conference, 2016

Learning Curve Analysis for Programming: Which Concepts do Students Struggle With?
Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research, 2016

The Apprentice Learner architecture: Closing the loop between learning theory and educational data.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2016

Closing the Loop with Quantitative Cognitive Task Analysis.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2016

Extracting Measures of Active Learning and Student Self-Regulated Learning Strategies from MOOC Data.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2016

Data-driven Automated Induction of Prerequisite Structure Graphs.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2016

Why Sense-Making through Magnitude May Be Harder for Fractions than for Whole Numbers.
Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2016

Benefits for Grounded Feedback over Correctness in a Fraction Addition Tutor.
Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2016

When to Block versus Interleave Practice? Evidence Against Teaching Fraction Addition before Fraction Multiplication.
Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2016

Interface Design Optimization as a Multi-Armed Bandit Problem.
Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2016

2015
Monster Mischief: Designing a Video Game to Assess Selective Sustained Attention.
Int. J. Gaming Comput. Mediat. Simulations, 2015

A Measurement Model of Microgenetic Transfer for Improving Instructional Outcomes.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2015

Teaching the Teacher: Tutoring SimStudent Leads to More Effective Cognitive Tutor Authoring.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2015

Integrating representation learning and skill learning in a human-like intelligent agent.
Artif. Intell., 2015

Learning is Not a Spectator Sport: Doing is Better than Watching for Learning from a MOOC.
Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 2015

Investigating How Student's Cognitive Behavior in MOOC Discussion Forum Affect Learning Gains.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2015

Accounting for Slipping and Other False Negatives in Logistic Models of Student Learning.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2015

Variations in Learning Rate: Student Clustering Based on Systematic Residual Error Patterns Across Practice Opportunities.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2015

Spectral Bayesian Knowledge Tracing.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2015

Transitivity is Not Obvious: Probing Prerequisites for Learning.
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2015

Does Learning Magnitude Knowledge help Students Learn Procedural Knowledge or Vice Versa?
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2015

Expertise in Cognitive Task Analysis Interviews.
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2015

Learning from Mixed-Reality Games: Is Shaking a Tablet as Effective as Physical Observation?
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2015

Authoring Tutors with Complex Solutions: A Comparative Analysis of Example Tracing and SimStudent.
Proceedings of the Workshops at the 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2015

Methods for Evaluating Simulated Learners: Examples from SimStudent.
Proceedings of the Workshops at the 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2015

2014
Data-driven Learner Modeling to Understand and Improve Online Learning: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium).
Ubiquity, 2014

Adaptive Intelligent Support to Improve Peer Tutoring in Algebra.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2014

Toward Sense Making with Grounded Feedback.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 12th International Conference, 2014

Automating Hint Generation with Solution Space Path Construction.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 12th International Conference, 2014

Investigating the Effect of Meta-cognitive Scaffolding for Learning by Teaching.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 12th International Conference, 2014

Authoring Tutors with SimStudent: An Evaluation of Efficiency and Model Quality.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 12th International Conference, 2014

Enhancing Self-Regulated Learning through Metacognitively-Aware Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Learning and Becoming in Practice: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2014

Interpreting model discovery and testing generalization to a new dataset.
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2014

Different parameters - same prediction: An analysis of learning curves.
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2014

Investigating Scaffolds for Sense Making in Fraction Addition and Comparison.
Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2014

2013
LearnLab's DataShop: A Data Repository and Analytics Tool Set for Cognitive Science.
Top. Cogn. Sci., 2013

New Potentials for Data-Driven Intelligent Tutoring System Development and Optimization.
AI Mag., 2013

Studying the Effect of a Competitive Game Show in a Learning by Teaching Environment.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2013

Problem Order Implications for Learning.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2013

Creating an educational robot by embedding a learning agent in the physical world (abstract only).
Proceedings of the 44th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2013

Beanstalk: A unity game addressing balance principles, socio-emotional learning and scientific inquiry.
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference, 2013

Estimating the benefits of student model improvements on a substantive scale.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2013

A Comparison of Model Selection Metrics in DataShop.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2013

Discovering Student Models with a Clustering Algorithm Using Problem Content.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2013

Investigating the Solution Space of an Open-Ended Educational Game Using Conceptual Feature Extraction.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2013

Hints: You Can't Have Just One.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2013

Knowledge tracing and cue contrast: Second language English grammar instruction.
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2013

Online Education: A Unique Opportunity for Cognitive Scientists to Integrate Research and Practice.
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2013

When seeing isn't believing: Influences of prior conceptions and misconceptions.
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2013

General and Efficient Cognitive Model Discovery Using a Simulated Student.
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2013

Optimizing challenge in an educational game using large-scale design experiments.
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2013

Individualized Bayesian Knowledge Tracing Models.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

Tangible Collaborative Learning with a Mixed-Reality Game: EarthShake.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

Conceptual Scaffolding to Check One's Procedures.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

Automatic Generation of Programming Feedback; A Data-Driven Approach.
Proceedings of the Workshops at the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AIED 2013, 2013

Toward a reflective SimStudent: Using experience to avoid generalization errors.
Proceedings of the Workshops at the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AIED 2013, 2013

Integrating Perceptual Learning with External World Knowledge in a Simulated Student.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

Using Data-Driven Discovery of Better Student Models to Improve Student Learning.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

Auto-scoring Discovery and Confirmation Bias in Interpreting Data during Science Inquiry in a Microworld.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 16th International Conference, 2013

2012
A paradigm for handwriting-based intelligent tutors.
Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2012

The Knowledge-Learning-Instruction Framework: Bridging the Science-Practice Chasm to Enhance Robust Student Learning.
Cogn. Sci., 2012

Learning to Perceive Two-Dimensional Displays Using Probabilistic Grammars.
Proceedings of the Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 2012

Noticing Relevant Feedback Improves Learning in an Intelligent Tutoring System for Peer Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

A Canonicalizing Model for Building Programming Tutors.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

Motivational Factors for Learning by Teaching - The Effect of a Competitive Game Show in a Virtual peer-Learning Environment.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

The Effects of Adaptive Sequencing Algorithms on Player Engagement within an Online Game.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

Efficient Cross-Domain Learning of Complex Skills.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

Problem Order Implications for Learning Transfer.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

Building a Conversational SimStudent.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems - 11th International Conference, 2012

The Future of Assessment: Measuring Science Reasoning and Inquiry Skills Using Simulations and Immersive Environments.
Proceedings of the Future of Learning: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2012

Building Bridges between Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining and Core Learning Sciences Perspectives.
Proceedings of the Future of Learning: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2012

Integrating perceptual representation learning and skill learning in a simulated student.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics, 2012

The Rise of the Super Experiment.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2012

Automated Student Model Improvement.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2012

Learner Differences in Hint Processing.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2012

Creating Features from a Learned Grammar in a Simulated Student.
Proceedings of the ECAI 2012, 2012

Studying the Effect of Tutor Learning Using a Teachable Agent that Asks the Student Tutor for Explanations.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference On Digital Game And Intelligent Toy Enhanced Learning, 2012

Shallow learning as a pathway for successful learning both for tutors and tutees.
Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2012

RumbleBlocks: Teaching science concepts to young children through a Unity game.
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Games, 2012

2011
Evaluating and improving adaptive educational systems with learning curves.
User Model. User Adapt. Interact., 2011

Designing automated adaptive support to improve student helping behaviors in a peer tutoring activity.
Int. J. Comput. Support. Collab. Learn., 2011

User Modeling - A Notoriously Black Art.
Proceedings of the User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization, 2011

Towards Better Understanding of Transfer in Cognitive Models of Practice.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

The Simple Location Heuristic is Better at Predicting Students' Changes in Error Rate Over Time Compared to the Simple Temporal Heuristic.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

A Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Student Model Discovery.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

Avoiding Problem Selection Thrashing with Conjunctive Knowledge Tracing.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

Improving Models of Slipping, Guessing, and Moment-By-Moment Learning with Estimates of Skill Difficulty.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

Instructional Factors Analysis: A Cognitive Model For Multiple Instructional Interventions.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2011

Adaptive support for CSCL: Is it feedback relevance or increased student accountability that matters?
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2011

Outcomes and Mechanisms of Transfer in Invention Activities.
Proceedings of the 33th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2011

Effects of Adaptive Prompted Self-explanation on Robust Learning of Second Language Grammar.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Using Automated Dialog Analysis to Assess Peer Tutoring and Trigger Effective Support.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Eliciting Intelligent Novice Behaviors with Grounded Feedback in a Fraction Addition Tutor.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

DataShop: A Data Repository and Analysis Service for the Learning Science Community (Interactive Event).
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Managing the Educational Dataset Lifecycle with DataShop.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Human-Machine Student Model Discovery and Improvement Using DataShop.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Metacognitive Practice Makes Perfect: Improving Students' Self-Assessment Skills with an Intelligent Tutoring System.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Using Contextual Factors Analysis to Explain Transfer of Least Common Multiple Skills.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Learning by Teaching SimStudent - An Initial Classroom Baseline Study Comparing with Cognitive Tutor.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

Learning by Teaching SimStudent - Interactive Event.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education - 15th International Conference, 2011

2010
Analogies, Explanations, and Practice: Examining How Task Types Affect Second Language Grammar Learning.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

Using Problem-Solving Context to Assess Help Quality in Computer-Mediated Peer Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

PSLC DataShop: A Data Analysis Service for the Learning Science Community.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

The Invention Lab: Using a Hybrid of Model Tracing and Constraint-Based Modeling to Offer Intelligent Support in Inquiry Environments.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

Learning by Teaching SimStudent: Technical Accomplishments and an Initial Use with Students.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

Learning by Teaching SimStudent.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

A Computational Model of Accelerated Future Learning through Feature Recognition.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

Using Data Mining Findings to Aid Searching for Better Cognitive Models.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 10th International Conference, 2010

Extending the self-explanation effect to second language grammar learning.
Proceedings of the Learning in the Disciplines: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2010

Automated adaptive support for peer tutoring in high-school mathematics.
Proceedings of the Learning in the Disciplines: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2010

Analysis of students' actions during online invention activities - seeing the thinking through the numbers.
Proceedings of the Learning in the Disciplines: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2010

Educational data mining methods for studying student behaviors minute by minute across an entire school year.
Proceedings of the Learning in the Disciplines: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 2010

Unsupervised Discovery of Student Strategies.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2010, 2010

A Data Driven Approach to the Discovery of Better Cognitive Models.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2010, 2010

Designing a pen-based flashcard application to support classroom learning environment.
Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2010

Towards a Computational Model of Why Some Students Learn Faster than Others.
Proceedings of the Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems, 2010

Integrating Transfer Learning in Synthetic Student.
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2010

2009
CTRL: A research framework for providing adaptive collaborative learning support.
User Model. User Adapt. Interact., 2009

Addressing the assessment challenge with an online system that tutors as it assesses.
User Model. User Adapt. Interact., 2009

The ASSISTment Builder: Supporting the Life Cycle of Tutoring System Content Creation.
IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol., 2009

Integrating Collaboration and Intelligent Tutoring Data in the Evaluation of a Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Environment.
Res. Pract. Technol. Enhanc. Learn., 2009

A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Example-Tracing Tutors.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2009

Learning Factors Transfer Analysis: Using Learning Curve Analysis to Automatically Generate Domain Models.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining, 2009

Beyond explicit feedback: new directions in adaptive collaborative learning support.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2009

Modeling Helping Behavior in an Intelligent Tutor for Peer Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling, 2009

Performance Factors Analysis - A New Alternative to Knowledge Tracing.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling, 2009

Educational Software Features that Encourage and Discourage "Gaming the System".
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling, 2009

2008
Developing a generalizable detector of when students game the system.
User Model. User Adapt. Interact., 2008

Toward Next-Generation, Intelligent Tutors: Adding Natural Handwriting Input.
IEEE Multim., 2008

Trade-Offs Between Grounded and Abstract Representations: Evidence From Algebra Problem Solving.
Cogn. Sci., 2008

Expanding the Model-Tracing Architecture: A 3rd Generation Intelligent Tutor for Algebra Symbolization.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2008

Note-taking, selecting, and choice: designing interfaces that encourage smaller selections.
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2008

To Tutor the Tutor: Adaptive Domain Support for Peer Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

Using Optimally Selected Drill Practice to Train Basic Facts.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

When Is Assistance Helpful to Learning? Results in Combining Worked Examples and Intelligent Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

Why Tutored Problem Solving May be Better Than Example Study: Theoretical Implications from a Simulated-Student Study.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

Story Generation to Accelerate Math Problem Authoring for Practice and Assessment.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

Comparing Two IRT Models for Conjunctive Skills.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 9th International Conference, 2008

New challenges in CSCL: towards adaptive script support.
Proceedings of the Cre8ing a learning world: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference for the Learning Sciences, 2008

When do diagrams enhance learning? A framework for designing relevant representations.
Proceedings of the Cre8ing a learning world: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference for the Learning Sciences, 2008

A Response Time Model For Bottom-Out Hints as Worked Examples.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2008, 2008

Using Item-type Performance Covariance to Improve the Skill Model of an Existing Tutor.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2008, 2008

An Open Repository and analysis tools for fine-grained, longitudinal learner data.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2008, 2008

Can we predict which groups of questions students will learn from?.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2008, 2008

Can an Intelligent Tutoring System Predict Math Proficiency as Well as a Standarized Test?.
Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining 2008, 2008

2007
A Web-based Authoring Tool for Intelligent Tutors: Blending Assessment and Instructional Assistance.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Educational Machines: Methodologies and Experiences, 2007

The Difficulty Factors Approach to the Design of Lessons in Intelligent Tutor Curricula.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2007

What's in a Step? Toward General, Abstract Representations of Tutoring System Log Data.
Proceedings of the User Modeling 2007, 11th International Conference, 2007

Evaluating a Simulated Student Using Real Students Data for Training and Testing.
Proceedings of the User Modeling 2007, 11th International Conference, 2007

Doing more than teaching students: opportunities for CALL in the learning sciences.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, 2007

Adapting handwriting recognition for applications in algebra learning.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Educational Multimedia and Multimedia Education 2007, 2007

The student becomes the master: integrating peer tutoring with cognitive tutoring.
Proceedings of the 7th Iternational Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2007

Fostering peer collaboration with technology.
Proceedings of the 7th Iternational Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2007

Selection-based note-taking applications.
Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2007

Who Says Three's a Crowd? Using a Cognitive Tutor to Support Peer Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Optimizing Student Models for Causality.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Can Help Seeking Be Tutored? Searching for the Secret Sauce of Metacognitive Tutoring.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Exploring Alternative Methods for Error Attribution in Learning Curves Analysis in Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Can a Polite Intelligent Tutoring System Lead to Improved Learning Outside of the Lab?
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Predicting Students' Performance with SimStudent: Learning Cognitive Skills from Observation.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Is Over Practice Necessary? - Improving Learning Efficiency with the Cognitive Tutor through Educational Data Mining.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

Benefits of Handwritten Input for Students Learning Algebra Equation Solving.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2007

2006
Toward Meta-cognitive Tutoring: A Model of Help Seeking with a Cognitive Tutor.
Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2006

Addressing the testing challenge with a web-based e-assessment system that tutors as it assesses.
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web, 2006

Cognitive Tutors as Research Platforms: Extending an Established Tutoring System for Collaborative and Metacognitive Experimentation.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Towards Teaching Metacognition: Supporting Spontaneous Self-Assessment.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

The Help Tutor: Does Metacognitive Feedback Improve Students' Help-Seeking Actions, Skills and Learning?
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Studying the Effects of Personalized Language and Worked Examples in the Context of a Web-Based Intelligent Tutor.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Predicting State Test Scores Better with Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Developing Metrics to Measure Assistance Required.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Learning Factors Analysis - A General Method for Cognitive Model Evaluation and Improvement.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Generalizing Detection of Gaming the System Across a Tutoring Curriculum.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

The Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT): Preliminary Evaluation of Efficiency Gains.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 8th International Conference, 2006

Towards the Application of a Handwriting Interface for Mathematics Learning.
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2006

Pasting and Encoding: Note-Taking in Online Courses.
Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2006

The ASSISTment Builder: Towards an Analysis of Cost Effectiveness of ITS Creation.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, 2006

Evaluating the effect of technology on note-taking and learning.
Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2006

2005
Modeling Students' Metacognitive Errors in Two Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the User Modeling 2005, 2005

Detecting When Students Game the System, Across Tutor Subjects and Classroom Cohorts.
Proceedings of the User Modeling 2005, 2005

Evaluation of multimodal input for entering mathematical equations on the computer.
Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005

The Assistment Builder: A Rapid Development Tool for ITS.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005

Automatic and Semi-Automatic Skill Coding With a View Towards Supporting On-Line Assessment.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005


On Using Learning Curves to Evaluate ITS.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005

Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System?
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005

An architecture to combine meta-cognitive and cognitive tutoring: Pilot testing the Help Tutor.
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005

Rapid development of computer-based tutors with the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT).
Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2005

2004
A Metacognitive ACT-R Model of Students' Learning Strategies in Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Promoting Effective Help-Seeking Behavior Through Declarative Instruction.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Opening the Door to Non-programmers: Authoring Intelligent Tutor Behavior by Demonstration.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Workshop on Dialog-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems: State of the Art and New Research Directions.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Why Are Algebra Word Problems Difficult? Using Tutorial Log Files and the Power Law of Learning to Select the Best Fitting Cognitive Model.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

The Social Role of Technical Personnel in the Deployment of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Detecting Student Misuse of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Student Question-Asking Patterns in an Intelligent Algebra Tutor.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Tutorial Dialogue System for Self-Explanation.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Toward Tutoring Help Seeking: Applying Cognitive Modeling to Meta-cognitive Skills.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 7th International Conference, 2004

Toward Cognitive Tutoring in a Collaborative, Web-Based Environment.
Proceedings of the Engineering Advanced Web Applications: Proceedings of Workshops in connection with the 4th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2004), 2004

The Impact of Spurious Correlations on Students' Problem-Solving.
Proceedings of the Embracing Diversity in the Learning Sciences: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference for the Learning Sciences, 2004

Learning to Distinguish Between Representations of Data: A Cognitive Tutor That Uses Contrasting Cases.
Proceedings of the Embracing Diversity in the Learning Sciences: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference for the Learning Sciences, 2004

What Goals Do Students Have When Choosing the Actions They Perform?
Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive Modelling, 2004

ALPS: Bringing Active Inquiry into Active Problem Solving.
Proceedings of the Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04), 2004

Understanding Students' Explanations in Geometry Tutoring.
Proceedings of the COLING 2004, 2004

Predictive human performance modeling made easy.
Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2004

Off-task behavior in the cognitive tutor classroom: when students "game the system".
Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2004

2003
A Comparative Analysis of Cognitive Tutoring and Constraint-Based Modeling.
Proceedings of the User Modeling 2003, 2003

2002
An effective metacognitive strategy: learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor.
Cogn. Sci., 2002

An Empirical Assessment of Comprehension Fostering Features in an Intelligent Tutoring System.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 6th International Conference, 2002

When and Why Does Mastery Learning Work: Instructional Experiments with ACT-R "SimStudents".
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 6th International Conference, 2002

An Intelligent Tutoring System Incorporating a Model of an Experienced Human Tutor.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 6th International Conference, 2002

Pilot-Testing a Tutorial Dialogue System That Supports Self-Explanation.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 6th International Conference, 2002

2000
Solving inductive reasoning problems in mathematics: not-so-trivial pursuit.
Cogn. Sci., 2000

Limitations of Student Control: Do Students Know When They Need Help?
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 5th International Conference, 2000

1999
Goals and learning in microworlds.
Cogn. Sci., 1999

Third generation computer tutors: learn from or ignore human tutors?
Proceedings of the CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1999

1998
Illustrating Principled Design: The Early Evolution of a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra Symbolization.
Interact. Learn. Environ., 1998

Elaborating Models of Algebraic Expression-Writing.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 4th International Conference, 1998

Component-Based Construction of a Science Learning Space.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 4th International Conference, 1998

combatting Shallow Learning in a Tutor for Geometry Problem Solving.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 4th International Conference, 1998

1996
PAT Goes to College: Evaluating a Cognitive Tutor for Developmental Mathematics.
Proceedings of the Learning for the Real World: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Learning Sciences, 1996

1990
Abstract Planning and Perceptual Chunks: Elements of Expertise in Geometry.
Cogn. Sci., 1990


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