MMPA: A modified marine predator algorithm for 3D UAV path planning in complex environments with multiple threats.

Adaptive Tasmanian Devil Optimizer for Global Optimization and Application in Wireless Sensor Network Deployment.

Augmented Gold Rush Optimizer Is Used for Engineering Optimization Design Problems and UAV Path Planning.

Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer Algorithm With Multi-Strategy for Global Optimization and UAV 3D Path Planning.